ABSTRACT
Abstract Borreliosis caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a cosmopolitan zoonosis studied worldwide; it is called Lyme disease in many countries of the Northern Hemisphere and Lyme-like or Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome in Brazil. However, despite the increasing number of suspect cases, this disease is still neglected in Brazil by the medical and veterinary communities. Brazilian Lyme-like borreliosis likely involves capybaras as reservoirs and Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus ticks as vectors. Thus, domestic animals can serve as key carriers in pathogen dissemination. This zoonosis has been little studied in horses in Brazil. The first survey was performed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and this Brazilian Borreliosis exhibits many differences from the disease widely described in the Northern Hemisphere. The etiological agent shows different morphological and genetic characteristics, the disease has a higher recurrence rate after treatment with antibiotics, and the pathogen stimulates intense symptoms such as a broader immune response in humans. Additionally, the Brazilian zoonosis is not transmitted by the Ixodes ricinus complex. With respect to clinical manifestations, Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome has been reported to cause neurological, cardiac, ophthalmic, muscle, and joint alterations in humans. These symptoms can possibly occur in horses. Here, we present a current panel of studies involving the disease in humans and equines, particularly in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Lyme Disease/epidemiology , Borrelia burgdorferi/genetics , Borrelia burgdorferi/immunology , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Lyme Disease/diagnosis , Lyme Disease/transmission , Zoonoses , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/transmission , Horses , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Lyme disease (LD) is a natural focal zoonotic disease caused by
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Borrelia burgdorferi/immunology , Borrelia burgdorferi/isolation & purification , Lyme Disease/epidemiology , Occupational Exposure , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Forestry , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Insect Vectors/microbiology , Ixodes/microbiology , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Lyme Disease/transmission , Military Personnel , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Serbia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This study describes the detection of Borrelia garinii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) in Brazilian individuals using PCR and DNA sequencing. Our results suggest that these species are emerging pathogens in this country, and additional studies are necessary to determine the epidemiological characteristics of this disease in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Borrelia burgdorferi Group/classification , Borrelia burgdorferi Group/isolation & purification , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/microbiology , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Base Sequence , Brazil/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Lyme Disease/epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rural Population , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Severe tick infestation was found in a hare in a suburban area of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. We sampled ticks and identified them based on their morphologic characteristics. Three species, Ixodes sinensis, which is commonly found in China and can experimentally transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and Haemaphysalis longicornis which can transmit Lyme disease were detected with an optical microscope and a stereomicroscope. Risk of spreading ticks from suburban to urban areas exists due to human transportation and travel between the infested and non-infested areas around Nanchang.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Arachnid Vectors/classification , Borrelia burgdorferi/physiology , China , Fatal Outcome , Hares/parasitology , Ixodidae/classification , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Risk , Tick Infestations/parasitologyABSTRACT
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with 6 different spirochetal strains (4 strains of Leptospira spp. and 2 strains of Borrelia burgdorferi) against 3 antimicrobial agents, commonly used in equine and bovine practice. The ranges of MIC and MBC of amoxicillin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05 - 6.25 microgram/ml and 6.25 - 25.0 microgram/ml, respectively. And the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin against B. burgdorferi were 0.05 - 0.39 microgram/ml and 0.20 - 0.78 microgram/ml, respectively. The ranges of MIC and MBC of enrofloxacin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05 - 0.39 microgram/ml and 0.05 - 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. Two strains of B. burgdorferi were resistant to enrofloxacin at the highest concentration tested for MBC (> or = 100 microgram/ml). Therefore, the potential role of tilmicosin in the treatment of leptospirosis and borreliosis should be further evaluated in animal models to understand whether the in vivo studies will confirm in vitro results. All spirochetal isolates were inhibited (MIC) and were killed (MBC) by tilmicosin at concentrations below the limit of testing (< or = 0.01 microgram/ml).
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Borrelia burgdorferi/drug effects , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Leptospira/drug effects , Leptospirosis/microbiology , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Macrolides/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Tylosin/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
As borrelioses säo enfermidades infecciosas determinadas por espiroquetas do gênero Borrelia, agentes transmissíveis, principalmente, por carrapatos aos animais e/ou ao homem. Nesta revisäo säo apresentadas e discutidas as enfermidades determinadas por borrélias, bem como as características gerais das espiroquetas, os aspectos relacionados a transmissäo por artrópodes, as enfermidades nos animais domésticos e silvestres, quanto aos aspectos biológicos e patológicos, a doença de Lyme como principal zoonose do grupo, a associaçäo de borrélia com outros agentes hematozoários e os métodos diagnósticos e a epidemiologia comparativa entre dados obtidos no Brasil com os de outros países. Estas borrelioses possuem características patológicas, clínicas e epidemiológicas variadas de acordo à regiäo fisiográfica, devido à existência de distintas espécies, genoespécies e cepas; estes aspectos variam ainda em funçäo dos artrópodes vetores, da interaçäo vetor-patógeno e dos ecossistemas distintos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Lyme Disease/veterinary , Insect Vectors , Animals, Domestic/microbiology , Animals, Wild , Borrelia burgdorferi Group , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Lyme Disease/transmissionABSTRACT
A doença de Lyme é uma enfermidade infecciosa causada pelo espiroqueta Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitidos por carrapatos do tipo Ixodes. A evoluçäo geralmente ocorre em estágios com diferentes manifestaçöes clínicas. A moléstia geralmente se inicia com surgimento de lesäo cutânea típica denominada critema crônico migrans, que se desenvolve no sítio da mordida do ácaro. Após semanas ou meses de doença aguda, outras manifestaçöes podem estar presentes no estágio secundário, incluindo sintomas osteoarticulares, como artralgia, artrite e tenossinovite; anormalidades neurológicas, particularmente meningite; paralisia de nervos cranianos e radiculoneurite periférica, ou achados cardíacos como bloqueio atrioventricular, miopericardite e cardiomegalia. Estas manifestaçöes tendem a ser recorrentes e podem remitir por períodos de vários anos. A doença de Lyme foi reconhecida em 1975 nos Estados Unidos da América; entretanto, esta borreliose tem sido identificada em todos os continentes, exceto na América do Sul. Neste artigo, fizemos revisäo dos principais achados clínicos, laboratoriais da borreliose de Lyme, além de explorar a possibilidade da sua existência no Brasil e nos demais países do continente sul-americano, onde foram recentemente descritos carrapatos do tipo Ixodes